텍사스홀덤사이트

Basically, network devices cannot connect to each other and communication cannot be established if their communication protocols are different. In this Internet, Internet Protocol Suite or TCP / IP protocol suite  which provides a clear combination of a standardized communication protocol and a conceptual model OSI reference model to connect networks and networks and network devices to each other around the world. 텍사스홀덤사이트

The "network of networks" has been realized. Because the Internet Protocol Suite is clearly provided in a standardized form, one user can connect to the Internet with an existing slightly older communication protocol network, his / her own method network, or a unique device. Even if you try to do so, you can clarify the differences and differences between them and the Internet, and because the target to be matched is clarified, prepare a device that resolves the difference or bridges it, and even sandwich it between them. Then, the standardized protocols and conceptual models that served as the core enabled the interconnection of networks gradually.

(In general, a network starts from a physical level physical entity physical layer, and then on top of that, an electrical level, a simple signal level, and information expressed by signals. Level ... It's as if layers were piled up. In this internet, not to mention copper wire, which has a long history, It also includes optical fiber and wireless. There are "data link layer, network layer ... etc. on the physical layer, but if you omit all the details in the middle and proceed to the layers that are easy for everyone to understand, the Internet The framework a kind of technical prepared in the uppermost layer application layer application layer was relatively simple at the initial stage, but gradually became complicated and advanced. Things have been added, and there has been a history of enrichment, complexity, and sophistication. In the early days, things were simple, such as file transfers, email, web hypertext documents, and so on. After that, specifications and methodologies for file sharing such as peer-to-peer, web applications, voice communication, streaming, etc. were proposed, and standard methods were decided.

It should be noted that the Internet was originally created for the purpose of using it in a situation where people who behave relatively well, such as connections between research institutions, originally think that they should behave properly. So the protocol didn't have enough security features built in so far beyond the initial assumptions, anyone in the world could use it for criminal purposes from the beginning. This has resulted in frequent problems such as unauthorized access and cyber attacks. Various attempts have been made, such as devising settings for individual servers, server security measures by OS manufacturers, application level measures, network device security measures, etc. Skills have improved and become more sophisticated, and crimes on the Internet are increasing. For example, criminals often disguise themselves as legitimate corporate websites to trick people into tricking large sums of money, attacking servers of major companies' websites and collecting dozens of personal information of users and members. One country continues to steal on the scale of ten to tens of millions of people, and the personal information is resold, and personal information is misused to carry out criminal acts and victims.

A secret cyber unit headed by the central government of the United States accesses social networks in the United States by disguising IP etc. creates a large number of accounts, and automatically writes a large amount using a program to perform impression operations and There are also cases where information manipulation is carried out and the voting behavior of voters is also affected to affect the number of votes in the US presidential election, and China makes routers and various other network equipment very cheap Although sold and introduced in large numbers in each country, such Chinese equipment often has a backdoor a kind of backdoor, and if the intelligence service of the Chinese government wants it, the equipment specific Signals can be sent and the information exchanged by them can be monitored. As a result, information account information, password, etc of the organization or department using those devices can be sent to the Chinese government. It has become out of the box and even the military of Western countries, for example, the confidential information server of the US Department of Defense, has broken the firewall and has the highest level military confidential information including blueprints and development data of the latest weapons etc. In a serious case of being stolen by China (and North Korea etc. easily and on a terabyte scale, a fighter that looks like the latest US military fighter is China. Suddenly there was no trial-and-error period such as design, development, prototype making, etc. It appeared and flew in the sky, and it became a situation where it flew at the same speed as the US military aircraft and made a quick approach flight Source needed. In this way, cybercrime and cyberterrorism have been carried out not only by individuals but also at the group level and national level, and it is actually impossible to enumerate in large quantities every day in the world tens of millions or hundreds of millions. Have been done in the United States, and some of them have had very serious consequences. Recently, there has been a movement to fundamentally review the current Internet mechanism and explore the construction of a new mechanism aiming at a secure network, but so far no results have been achieved. In the first place, even if the defense side gives a high degree of security, the loopholes will not be completely eliminated, and the attacker's method will also become sophisticated, so it will only be weasel play.